![]() Correlations between the two dimensions of AARC and subjective age are also low, indicating a conceptual difference between the two constructs. The correlations between AARC and chronological age are sufficiently low to suggest that they are discrete concepts. AARC, subjective age and chronological ageĪARC is conceptually different from other age-related concepts such as chronological age – the age of a person as measured from birth to a given date – and subjective age – how old a person feels ( 19– 21). For example, Wilton-Harding and Windsor reported that the dimensions of AARC are, respectively, positively and negatively related to goal re-engagement, (AARC-Gains: β = 0.49, p ≤ 0.001 AARC-Losses: β = −0.26, p ≤ 0.001). Other outcomes considered in the research are cognitive interference and performance ( 13– 15), goal adjustment ( 16), and health ( 17). ( 3) found AARC-Gains to be positively associated with life satisfaction, their measure of wellbeing (β = 0.0 4, p ≤ 0.05), whereas negative age-related change had a negative association (β = −0.08, p ≤ 0.001). The majority of studies of its concomitants have concentrated on wellbeing ( 3– 5, 7– 12). Empirical research has shown that AARC-Gains leads to desirable outcomes, while AARC-Losses is related to undesirable outcomes. Significantly, this has been true regardless of the number of items used in the instrument-there are 189-item ( 2), 50-item ( 4), 20-item ( 5) and 10-item ( 6) versions. This two-dimensional structure has been confirmed by previous studies ( 2, 3). “With my increasing age, I realize that I pay more attention to my health” is an example of a statement related to AARC-Gains, while “With my increasing age, I realize that I have less energy” relates to AARC-Losses. ![]() Positive changes indicate perceived gains including health and physical functioning, cognitive functioning, interpersonal relations, social cognitive and social emotional functioning, and lifestyle and engagement, while negative changes show the perception of losses in such areas. It entails two dimensions, reflecting positive and negative changes, respectively. The research adds weight to challenges to negative age stereotyping-that older employees are set in their ways and less proactive-and to claims about the value of AARC for measuring aging, by showing that this factor can predict outcomes beyond health and the concerns of older adults.Īwareness of age-related change (AARC) is a concept introduced by Diehl and Wahl ( 1) to describe “all those experiences that make a person aware that his or her behavior, level of performance, or ways of experiencing his or her life have changed as a consequence of having grown older” (p. We then show that awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC-Gains and AARC-Losses) are, respectively, positively and negatively associated with the three types of proactivity, and that they are better predictors than chronological age and subjective age. This confirmed the validity of the instrument's content, and its applicability beyond North America and Europe, in a Chinese context. ![]() We used the ten-item AARC instrument in a survey of teachers ( n = 421, mean age = 41.0) in China, and validated its content by comparing the responses of a subsample of these teachers ( n = 33, mean age = 42.5) to questions asked in a semi-structured interview. Second, it compares the explanatory power of AARC with that of chronological age and subjective age in predicting three types of proactivity: task proactivity, development proactivity and organization proactivity. First, it aims to validate the concept of awareness of age-related change (AARC) in the Chinese context. We address the extent to which this proactivity is affected by age and aging. 3University of Leicester School of Business, Leicester, United KingdomĪn aging workforce and the increasing value placed on employees' proactivity are two important features of current workplaces.2Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, China.1Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. ![]()
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